A trained psychiatrist who became the political architect of ethnic cleansing campaigns during the Bosnian War, he directed policies resulting in the massacre at Srebrenica and the prolonged siege of Sarajevo — among the most consequential atrocities on European soil since World War II. His conviction by the ICTY on charges of genocide and crimes against humanity marked one of the most significant war crimes verdicts of the post-Cold War era. The twelve years he spent evading capture, working quietly under an assumed identity in Belgrade, underscore how extensively he was sheltered after the war's end.