Operating across France's rail network in 1999, Rezala targeted women traveling alone, making the ordinary act of a train journey the setting for a series of killings that drew widespread public alarm. His case intersected with broader debates about immigration enforcement, as he had been subject to a deportation order before the murders occurred. He died in a Portuguese prison in 2000 before facing trial in France.

What distinguished Jones from other authoritarian religious leaders was the completeness of the control he achieved — over finances, families, and ultimately life itself — within a community that had drawn in thousands of genuine believers seeking racial equality and social justice. His trajectory from Pentecostal faith healer to the architect of one of the largest mass deaths in American history unfolded over decades, with warning signs visible at each stage. The Jonestown massacre of 1978, in which more than 900 people died — over a third of them children — remains the defining event of his legacy.